Bulgaria 2025
Market Overview Payment Organisation BORICA is the Bulgarian interbank organisation and card authorisation centre. Domestic Card Brands BORICA was the domestic debit card; many cards are co-badged Maestro. BORICA cards have been replaced by Bcard cards. Bcard is the new domestic card brand launched in 2017. Bcard cards are typically debit cards, credit cards or […]
Ukraine 2025
Introduction – Payments in Ukraine Ukraine is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral legislature, the Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada) under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Two brief periods of independence occurred during the 20th century, once near the end of World War […]
Moldova 2025
Introduction – Payments in Moldova Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral Parliament (Parlamentul). It is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) and the Organisation of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and is an observer of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC). About […]
Belarus 2025
Introduction – Payments in Belarus Belarus is a presidential republic with a bicameral Parliament (Natsionalnoye Sobranie) composed of the Chamber of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) and the Organisation of the Black Sea Economic […]