Armenia 2025
Eurasian Payments Report 2025
Eurasian Payments Report – Introduction 2025
Introduction About the Yearbook This edition of the Eurasian Payment Cards Yearbook 2024-25 is the sixteenth in this series since the publishers decided to split Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) away from the European Payment Cards Yearbook, which formerly included Russia and Ukraine. The 10 Eurasian countries reviewed in this Yearbook are […]
Uzbekistan 2025
Introduction – Payments in Uzbekistan Uzbekistan is one of the Asian countries in the Eurasian Yearbook. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic comprising 12 provinces, one autonomous republic, and one capital city, Tashkent. Uzbekistan is bordered by five countries: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. The country’s official language is Uzbek. Uzbekistan is a […]
Ukraine 2025
Introduction – Payments in Ukraine Ukraine is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral legislature, the Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada) under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Two brief periods of independence occurred during the 20th century, once near the end of World War […]
Russia 2025
Introduction – Payments in Russia Russia is a semi-presidential republic with an asymmetric federation, spanning 11 time zones across eastern Europe and northern Asia. With over 146 million consumers and a fast-growing e-commerce and FinTech market, Russia is one of the most innovative payment markets in the world, with proactive efforts by banks and government […]
Moldova 2025
Introduction – Payments in Moldova Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral Parliament (Parlamentul). It is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) and the Organisation of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and is an observer of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC). About […]
Kazakhstan 2025
Introduction – Payments in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is a presidential republic with a bicameral Parliament composed of the Senate and the Assembly (Mazhilis). There is limited power outside of the executive branch. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a country in Central Asia, with a minor part west of the Ural River and thus in Europe. Kazakhstan […]
Kyrgyzstan 2025
Introduction – Payments in Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan (also known as the Kyrgyz Republic) is one of the Asian countries in the Eurasian Yearbook. Since independence, the Kyrgyz Republic has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic, although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts, revolts, economic troubles, transitional governments, and political party conflicts. In 2021 it reverted to […]
Georgia 2025
Introduction – Payments in Georgia Georgia is a presidential republic with a unicameral parliament, the Supreme Council (Umaghlesi Sabcho). In June 2014, Georgia took an important step towards eventual EU membership with the signature of a formal association agreement, which entered into force in 2016. This provides for Georgia to enter into a DCFTA (Deep […]